Tarsal Tunnel Prevention

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is compression of the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel. The tarsal tunnel is a narrow space between the ankle bones where arteries, veins, tendons and nerves run from the lower leg into the foot. To prevent tarsal tunnel syndrome, it's important to look at what causes it and how to eliminate those causes.

Prevention

• One risk factor is flat feet. The fallen arches cause outward tilting of the heel that can strain and compress the tibial nerve. Wear properly fitted shoes and orthotics, if necessary, to reduce the strain on the tarsal tunnel. Even if your feet are not flat, tying your shoes incorrectly or too tightly can stress the tarsal tunnel.

  Sometimes an enlarged or abnormal structure, such as a varicose vein, ganglion cyst, swollen tendon or arthritic bone spur, can take up space in the tarsal tunnel and compress the nerve. You need to address these conditions with your healthcare provider.

  Another cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome is an injury, such as an ankle sprain, that causes inflammation and swelling in or near the tarsal tunnel, which compresses the nerve. Treat injuries promptly and properly to prevent further problems.

  To prevent injuries that could lead to tarsal tunnel syndrome, warm up properly before strenuous activities. Also, keep your foot and lower leg muscles flexible and strong with an appropriate flexibility and strengthening program.

  Because overuse and repetitive stress can lead to tarsal tunnel syndrome, if you walk or stand a lot, rest your feet when possible to reduce the stress on the tarsal tunnel and tibial nerve.

  Other causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome include being overweight, which may cause excessive pressure on the tibial nerve, and diseases such as diabetes or arthritis that can cause swelling that compresses the nerve. Address any of these issues with your doctor.

Considerations

• Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome include tingling, burning, numbness and pain around the ankle and foot. According to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, if you have symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome, it's important to get early treatment, because, if left untreated, the condition can worsen and may cause permanent nerve damage.

  If you do develop tarsal tunnel syndrome, treatments range from rest, ice and anti-inflammatory drugs to immobilization, physical therapy and orthotic devices--to surgery.