How Newly Discovered Genes Might Fit Into Obesity
The discovery of novel genes and their potential role in obesity has expanded our understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this condition. While a comprehensive list of newly discovered genes cannot be provided due to ongoing research, some examples of genes that have been associated with obesity include:
1. TMEM160 (Transmembrane Protein 160): Variants in the TMEM160 gene have been linked to increased body mass index (BMI), adiposity, and insulin resistance. It plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism.
2. SEC16B (Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein 16B): Alterations in the SEC16B gene have been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. It is involved in the transport and secretion of proteins, including those involved in lipid metabolism.
3. GNPDA2 (G Protein Subunit Alpha 2): Variations in the GNPDA2 gene have been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It is involved in signaling pathways that regulate food intake, insulin secretion, and energy expenditure.
4. FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated): This well-known obesity-associated gene affects energy balance by influencing appetite regulation, food intake, and thermogenesis. Variations in the FTO gene are associated with increased BMI and obesity risk.
5. MC4R (Melanocortin 4 Receptor): Mutations in the MC4R gene can lead to severe early-onset obesity. The MC4R is involved in appetite regulation and energy expenditure through its role in the melanocortin pathway.
6. ADCY3 (Adenylate Cyclase 3): Variants in the ADCY3 gene have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It plays a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
7. NRXN3 (Neurexin 3): Alterations in the NRXN3 gene have been linked to obesity and insulin resistance. It is involved in the development and function of neuronal circuits, potentially affecting appetite regulation and energy expenditure.
8. SH2B1 (SH2B Adaptor Protein 1): Variations in the SH2B1 gene have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It is involved in insulin signaling and glucose transport.
These are just a few examples of newly discovered genes that have emerged in obesity research. Further studies are continuously being conducted to investigate their roles, mechanisms of action, and interactions with other genetic and environmental factors in the development of obesity.