Why is oedema a symptom of kwashiorkor?

Oedema is a symptom associated with kwashiorkor, a severe form of malnutrition primarily caused by a deficiency in protein. Here's why oedema occurs in kwashiorkor:

Hypoalbuminemia: Kwashiorkor leads to a significant decrease in the production of albumin, a crucial protein synthesized by the liver. Albumin is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood vessels.

Starving cells: Insufficient protein intake leads to the starvation of cells, particularly in muscle tissues, which are broken down to release amino acids for energy.

Impaired oncotic pressure: The reduced albumin levels result in decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels. This pressure normally draws water from tissues back into the bloodstream.

Fluid shift: With diminished oncotic pressure, water is unable to be retained within the blood vessels and starts leaking into the interstitial spaces, causing oedema or swelling in various body tissues.

In severe cases of kwashiorkor, oedema can become extensive and involve the face, limbs, abdomen, and genitals. It's important to note that while oedema is a characteristic symptom of kwashiorkor, it can also be associated with other health conditions, so proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial.