What are the Criteria for Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis occurs when bone density levels become low, causing bones to become weak and brittle. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, 10 million people in the United States are living with osteoporosis.

Causes

• Inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D and a combination of risk factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

Risk Factors

• Osteoporosis is more common among women, specifically post-menopausal women with low estrogen levels. Smoking, genetics, old age, a sedentary lifestyle, excessive drinking of alcohol and inadequate nutrition are all precursors to osteoporosis.

Symptoms

• At first, symptoms of osteoporosis might go unnoticed. Screenings are advised for those who are at increased risk. As time goes on, brittle and weakened bones are more susceptible to falls and fractures. People with osteoporosis often have a slouched posture due to vertebrae compression.

Diagnostic Tests

• A bone mineral density test (BMD) can determine if someone has osteoporosis and the severity of the condition. A dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a quick procedure that reveals the density of the spine, hips or wrist. Additional diagnostic tests include ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Prevention

• Engage in weight-bearing exercises. Ensure adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium. Periodically undergo screening tests for osteoporosis.

Treatment

• Treatment for osteoporosis includes hormone therapy, bisphosphonates (which inhibit bone breakdown) and Reclast.