How does long term steroid use increase risk for osteoporosis?

Long-term steroid use increases the risk of osteoporosis by impairing calcium absorption, increasing calcium excretion, and suppressing the production of osteoblasts, the cells that build new bone.

1. Inhibition of calcium absorption: Glucocorticoids, a type of steroid medication, can reduce the absorption of calcium from the intestines. Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones. When calcium absorption is reduced, the body has less calcium available to build new bone, which can lead to osteoporosis.

2. Increased calcium excretion: Glucocorticoids can also increase the excretion of calcium in the urine. This means that the body loses more calcium than it absorbs, further reducing the amount of calcium available for bone formation.

3. Suppression of osteoblast activity: Glucocorticoids can suppress the production and activity of osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are the cells that build new bone. When osteoblast activity is suppressed, bone formation is reduced, which can lead to osteoporosis.

In addition to these mechanisms, long-term steroid use can also lead to other factors that increase the risk of osteoporosis, such as muscle weakness, weight gain, and decreased physical activity.

It is important to note that not all steroids have the same effects on bone health. Some steroids, such as prednisone, can cause significant bone loss, while others, such as dexamethasone, have less of an impact on bone health. The risk of osteoporosis also depends on the dose and duration of steroid use.

If you are taking steroids long-term, it is important to talk to your doctor about your bone health and how to reduce your risk of osteoporosis. Your doctor may recommend calcium and vitamin D supplements, exercise, and other measures to help protect your bones.