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Long-Term Pain Medication Side Effects

Each day, more than 36 million people take prescription and over-the-counter painkillers. According to a 2005 study by the American Gastroenterological Association, many of these people are not only misusing painkillers, but they are also unaware of the potential side effects. It is estimated that long-term use of painkillers has led to approximately 103,000 hospitalizations and 16,500 deaths. It is critical to be aware of the long-term side effects that can result from taking pain medication.

  1. Ulcers & Gastrointestinal Bleeding

    • Particularly when taken in high doses, aspirin and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) can cause damage to the lining of the stomach and upper intestine, resulting in an ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding. Ulcers may induce vomiting and weight loss, or even require surgery if left untreated.

      According to a 2005 study by the American Gastroenterological Association, taking high doses of ibuprofen for as few as three days can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. This can cause significant harm to the digestive system, as well as triggering stomach pain.

    Addiction

    • Many doctors prescribe painkillers such as hydrocodone to manage long-term pain. These painkillers can be addictive, particularly for people taking them over a long period of time. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, over 6 million Americans abuse their prescriptions or do not follow their doctor’s instructions exactly.

    High Blood Pressure

    • According to a recent study by the American Heart Association, women who consume 500 milligrams or more of non-aspirin painkillers are twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Aspirin, however, has not been linked to higher blood pressure in women.

    Bone Fractures

    • A 2010 study by the Journal of General Internal Medicine revealed that a group of powerful prescription medications known as opioids can increase the risk of bone fractures in adults over the age of 60, especially when taken doses higher than 50 milligrams.

    Liver Damage

    • Prescription and over-the-counter painkillers containing acetaminophen, such as Tylenol, can cause serious liver damage. Symptoms of liver damage include loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, and can result in liver failure or death if left untreated. However, it is important to note that the risk of liver damage is significantly reduced by never taking more of the painkiller than directed, or taking it for a longer period of time than specified.

    Kidney Problems

    • Over-the-counter analgesics such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen can raise the risk for kidney problems when taken for a long period of time or by people with existing kidney conditions. When taken as directed, however, the risk is minimal.

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