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Types of TENS

TENS is an acronym for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. This type of treatment stimulates the site of pain with electrical impulses, reducing pain and replacing it with a sensation similar to massage. TENS is powered by adjustable power units and can be used in health care settings or in the patient's home. TENS is used to help manage pain associated with conditions such as arthritis, sciatica, post-surgical pain or injuries.

  1. Conventional

    • Conventional TENS is a high-frequency, low-intensity form of electrical stimulation that can be tolerated for several hours. The pain relief associated with conventional TENS generally does not last as long as that with other types of TENS treatments. Electrical impulses are delivered via electrodes placed on the skin near the affected area. The electrodes are attached to an adjustable power unit, generally small in size. Electrodes vary in size according to the site they need to cover.

    Percutaneous

    • Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, PENS, is similar to conventional TENS, but the delivery method varies slightly. Instead of using electrodes, PENS delivers electrical impulses through a needle that is inserted under the skin and into the soft tissues of the body. PENS treatment delivers impulses more effectively to the nerves because it bypasses the barrier of the skin.

    Acupuncture-Like

    • Acupuncture-like TENS is very similar to the conventional form. Impulses are delivered via electrodes just as with conventional TENS; however, the frequency is low but the intensity level is higher. This form of TENS treatment can be tolerated by most patients for 20- to 30-minute sessions. The pain relief effects are generally longer lasting than with conventional TENS, but patients may opt for conventional treatment because acupuncture-like treatment can be painful and uncomfortable.

    Choosing a Type

    • The type of TENS treatment chosen varies according to the specific condition being treated, toleration and patient preference. Treatments are often delivered in a health care setting such as a rehabilitation facility or athletic training facility, or they may be self-administered by the patient at home. A medical professional should be consulted prior to the start of any type of TENS treatment. Medical personnel can help patients choose the most effective form of TENS unit for their specific needs.

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