What is peripheral IV administration?

Peripheral IV administration involves inserting an intravenous (IV) line into a peripheral vein, which is a vein located in the arm, hand, or leg, Typically, a healthcare professional inserts a small, flexible tube called an intravenous catheter into a vein, ensuring proper placement and securing it with tape. The IV catheter provides access for delivering fluids, medications, and other medical treatments directly into the bloodstream.

Here's a step-by-step overview of peripheral IV administration:

1. Assessment and Site Selection:

The healthcare provider assesses the patient's condition and selects an appropriate peripheral vein based on factors such as vein size, visibility, and accessibility.

2. Hand Hygiene:

Both the healthcare provider and patient perform hand hygiene to minimize the risk of infection.

3. Application of Tourniquet:

A tourniquet is applied above the selected venipuncture site to make the vein more prominent.

4. Vein Preparation:

The venipuncture site is cleansed with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection.

5. Vein Puncture:

Using a sterile needle and guided by visualization or palpation, the healthcare professional inserts the needle into the vein at a slight angle.

6. Catheter Insertion:

Once the needle successfully enters the vein, the healthcare provider removes the needle, leaving the catheter in place.

7. Securing the Catheter:

The catheter is stabilized using adhesive tape or other securement devices to prevent dislodgement.

8. Administration of Fluids or Medications:

The IV line is connected to IV bags containing fluids, medications, or both, as prescribed by the healthcare provider.

9. Monitoring:

The healthcare professional monitors the IV site for signs of infection, infiltration (leakage of fluid into surrounding tissues), or extravasation (accidental leakage of fluid outside the vein).

10. IV Fluid Maintenance:

IV fluid bags are changed periodically, and the IV line is flushed regularly with saline or other solutions to maintain its patency.

11. Catheter Removal:

When the IV therapy is no longer needed, the healthcare provider removes the catheter and applies pressure to the venipuncture site to stop any bleeding.

Peripheral IV administration is a commonly performed procedure in healthcare settings, allowing for the delivery of medications, fluids, and nutrients directly into a patient's bloodstream. Proper technique and monitoring are essential to ensure patient safety and effective treatment outcomes.