What causes CMT?

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited neurological disorders that affect the peripheral nerves. The peripheral nerves are the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. CMT is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the function of the peripheral nerves. These mutations can cause the nerves to become damaged or to not develop properly.

There are several different types of CMT, and each type is caused by a different gene mutation. Some of the most common types of CMT include:

* CMT1A: This is the most common type of CMT, and it is caused by a mutation in the PMP22 gene.

* CMT1X: This type of CMT is caused by a mutation in the connexin 32 gene.

* CMT2A: This type of CMT is caused by a mutation in the KIF1B gene.

* CMT4C: This type of CMT is caused by a mutation in the SH3TC2 gene.

CMT is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder. However, some types of CMT can also be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that two copies of the mutated gene are needed to cause the disorder.

CMT is a lifelong condition, but it can be managed with treatment. Treatment options include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and surgery.