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Hazards of Isopropanol

Isopropanol is also known by its more common name, isopropyl alcohol. This chemical is used as a solvent and cleaning fluid in homes across the United States for its capability to dissolve fats and oils as well as for its high evaporation rate. Hazards with the chemical arise upon acute exposure, with people experiencing symptoms that range from a mild irritant to coma or even death. Pets should also be protected from isopropanol, as it poses a significant health risk to them if exposed to large amounts.

  1. Acute Exposure in Humans

    • According to OSHA, acute exposure to 400 ppm of isopropyl alcohol over three to five minutes causes irritation of the eyes and the mucus membranes in the face. Breathing in a large quantity of fumes may also cause unconsciousness. Ingestion of the chemical at 25 milliliters in 100 milliliters of water can cause severe stomach pain, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, bradycardia (slowing of the heart), coma and possibly death at higher doses.

    Chronic Exposure in Humans

    • Extended exposure to isopropyl alcohol can cause skin eczema and tenderness. According to OSHA, newborns and toddlers should not be exposed to the chemical as prolonged use can lead to respiratory problems, stupor and coma. Additionally, isopropanol has been linked to paranasal sinus cancer in patients that have had lifelong exposure, although evidence is inconclusive to infer that the chemical is definitely a cancer-causing agent.

    Effects on Animals

    • Isopropyl alcohol effects animals in a similar fashion as humans in that it irritates the eyes and mucus membranes. An important difference, however, is that the central nervous system depression is caused in animals. Family pets exposed to the chemical should be taken to a veterinary clinic immediately. If allowed prolonged exposure to isopropyl alcohol, animals can suffer liver damage, neurological malfunctions, unconsciousness and death.

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