Toxicity of Herbicides & Pesticides

Herbicides and pesticides are usually labeled as dangerous because they contain highly toxic chemicals. Although their use is very beneficial for protecting crops, they are potential health hazards to humans. Avoiding exposure to these toxic substances requires precautions and awareness of possible poisoning and adverse reaction from them.

Significance

• Exposure to chemicals in pesticides and herbicides can be dangerous.

  Pesticides and herbicides are created to eliminate unwanted pests such as spiders, ticks, lice, rats, mice, roaches and weeds. Product labels display the government warning on using the product safely. Although the purpose of these products is to ward off pests and harmful organisms, the ingestion, inhalation or dermal contact may be harmful to humans.

Route of Toxicity

• Herbicides and pesticides are formulated for absorption upon contact. The chemical components are lethal to pests and can cause illness among human adults and produce more serious symptoms among children and pets. Aside from dermal contact, the route of toxicity may also be by inhalation, ingestion and direct contact with the eyes.

Exposure

• According to Pennsylvania State University's Cooperative Extension, the extent of toxicity depends upon the level of exposure and the length of time one is exposed to the toxins. Acute toxicity depends on the absorptive qualities of the chemicals. Symptoms usually appear within 24 hours, but prompt treatment can make the acute effects reversible.

Effects

• Initial exposure to toxic chemicals may not produce immediate symptoms. Delayed symptoms of herbicide exposure manifest as lethargy, aggression, muscle weakness and confusion. Exposure to pesticides produces symptoms of poor coordination, seizures, slowed heart rate, confusion, pulmonary edema and coma. Birth defects; disorders of the nerves, blood, endocrine and reproductive systems; malignant tumors; and genetic anomalies are the results of prolonged exposure. The University of Missouri says allergic reaction to the chemicals may result in asthma and irritation to the skin and eyes.

First Aid

• Wash the area exposed to the chemicals immediately. In case of inhalation, bring the victim to a place where fresh air is available and ensure that his airway is clear. Ingestion of the chemical requires immediate medical attention. Take the pesticide label with you to the medical facility where you take the victim or have it available when calling the Poison Control Center.

Prevention

• The keys to avoid toxicity from herbicides and pesticides are proper handling and usage. Always read the pesticide labels for proper handling and procedures. Keep the chemicals away from children's reach and store them in a safe place.