What are the criminogenic risk factors in victimisation?

Individual-level risk factors for victimisation:

* Age: Younger people are more likely to be victims of crime than older people.

* Gender: Women are more likely to be victims of sexual assault and domestic violence than men.

* Race/ethnicity: African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be victims of violent crime than Whites.

* Socioeconomic status: People who live in poverty are more likely to be victims of crime than people who are more affluent.

* Substance abuse: People who abuse alcohol or drugs are more likely to be victims of crime.

* Mental illness: People with mental illness are more likely to be victims of crime.

* Criminal history: People who have been convicted of a crime are more likely to be victims of crime.

Environmental-level risk factors for victimisation:

* Neighbourhood poverty: Neighbourhoods with high levels of poverty are more likely to have high crime rates.

* Neighbourhood disorder: Neighbourhoods with high levels of disorder (e.g., vandalism, litter, graffiti) are more likely to have high crime rates.

* Lack of social cohesion: Neighbourhoods with low levels of social cohesion (e.g., residents do not know each other, do not trust each other, and do not participate in community activities) are more likely to have high crime rates.

* Gun availability: States with high levels of gun ownership are more likely to have high homicide rates.