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Sources of Mercury Vapor

Mercury (Hg) is a metallic element, and the only element that is liquid at room temperature, making it a useful part of many common items. However, mercury is also a highly toxic substance that can cause severe damage to the respiratory and nervous systems, as well as the kidneys, skin and eyes. While not common, mercury vapor is a health risk, and caution should be taken around possible sources of airborne mercury poisoning.

  1. Direct Exposure: Mining and Processing

    • Facing the greatest risk of exposure to mercury vapor are those working with pure liquid mercury, either in mining or processing. Liquid mercury is not easily absorbed through the skin or other tissues; it is more likely to cause toxicity through airborne particles that are released by the liquid. Because miners spend long periods of time in the presence of the metal or cinnabar, the mineral from which it is derived, they are more likely to be exposed to the vapor.

    Gold and Silver Mining

    • Mercury has also been used as a tool in mining and gold and silver. Mercury was fused with gold in order to separate it from the surrounding rock and make it easily collectible. However, a large percentage of the mercury used in these operations was lost to the environment. As a result, many old gold and silver mines are hazardous locations with the potential for mercury vapor contamination.

    Industrial and Health Use of Mercury

    • Mercury is found in a variety of technologies, including heat transfer systems, valves, lubricating oils and preservatives. Use of mercury-bearing versions of these products includes the risk of exposure to mercury vapor. Another common use of mercury vapor is found in dentistry; the vapor is used in both the drilling and filling processes of correcting cavities.

    Household Products

    • The most familiar household product containing mercury is the common thermometer, which uses the contraction and expansion of the liquid in order to measure temperature. However, mercury can be found in vapor form in certain types of fluorescent lamps, as well as other environmental measuring devices, such as barometers and manometers. While the amount of mercury in these devices is minimal and is generally safe so long as it is contained, if these devices are broken and the mercury is exposed to open air, there is a danger of mercury vapor poisoning. There is a greater danger that exposed mercury will release harmful vapor in warm and poorly ventilated areas.

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