Nursing Responsibilities in Administering Beta Blocker Drugs

Beta blockers are a class of medications used to treat angina, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure and other conditions. According to the Mayo Clinic, beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Beta blocker drugs slow the heart down, expanding blood vessels for better flow and allowing the heart to beat with less force. Although physicians prescribe heart medications, nurses are responsible for administering and monitoring the effects of beta blocker drugs. There are important nursing responsibilities to consider when administering beta blocker medications.

History

• It is important to obtain an accurate medical history before administering beta blocker drugs to prevent possible reactions. Individuals with a history of heart disease, lung disorders, diabetes and liver disease should be closely monitored for an increased reaction to beta blockers. Obtain an accurate medication list, including prescription drugs, herbal products and over-the-counter supplements. Monitor for allergic reactions, such as hives, itching, swelling and trouble breathing. Seek emergency medical treatment for severe allergic reactions.

Evaluation

• Beta blockers directly affect the way the heart works, so it is important to evaluate the heart's functioning ability. Inspect the patient for signs of cardiac discomfort, such as shortness of breath, heart palpitations or chest pain. Observe the patient for nonverbal clues, such as grimacing in pain, excessive perspiration and hand gestures displaying discomfort. Monitor for adverse reactions to beta blocker medications. According to Drugs.com, possible adverse reactions to beta blockers include lack of energy, decreased libido, dizziness, lightheadedness and sexual dysfunction in men.

Vital Signs

• Vital signs are an important nursing measure to provide an overall picture of the patient's health. These assessments include heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature. Because beta blockers slow the heart down, it is essential to check the patient's heart rate. A normal heart rate is 60 to 72 beats per minute. Beta blockers sometimes cause a lower than average heart rate due to the action of the drug, but rates should not fall below 50 beats per minute. Contact the physician immediately for heart rates under 50 beats per minute, difficulty breathing or swelling of the hands, feet or legs.

Blood Pressure

• Beta blockers are most commonly prescribed to treat hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the measurement of pressure applied to the arterial walls when transporting blood throughout the body. High blood pressure can cause heart attack, stroke or death if left untreated. It is important to monitor for signs of high or low blood pressure while on beta blocker drugs. According to the American Heart Association, blood pressure is recorded as two numbers with the top number representing the heart beating at full capacity and the bottom number measuring the heart at rest. Normal blood pressure results average 120/80 for adults, but beta blockers can cause lower blood pressure readings. Assess for symptoms of dangerously low blood pressure, such as dizziness, fainting, or blood pressure readings lower than 90/60. Report abnormal results to the physician immediately.