Why koilonychia occurs in haemochromatosis?

Koilonychia, or spoon-shaped nails, is a nail deformity that can occur in hemochromatosis, a condition in which the body absorbs too much iron from food. This excess iron can be deposited in various tissues and organs, including the nails.

The exact mechanism by which hemochromatosis leads to koilonychia is not fully understood, but several factors are thought to play a role:

Iron overload: Excess iron can accumulate in the nail matrix, which is responsible for nail growth. This can disrupt the normal structure and function of the matrix, leading to the development of koilonychia.

Changes in nail keratin: Iron overload can alter the production and composition of keratin, the protein that makes up nails. These changes can weaken the nails and make them more susceptible to bending and spoon-shaped deformity.

Inflammation: Hemochromatosis can cause inflammation in the nail bed, which can further contribute to nail damage and the development of koilonychia.

It's worth noting that while koilonychia can be a sign of hemochromatosis, it is not specific to this condition and can also occur in other medical conditions, such as iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, and certain skin disorders. A thorough evaluation and investigation by a healthcare professional are necessary to determine the underlying cause of koilonychia and for appropriate treatment.