What is pustular psoriasis?
Pustular psoriasis is a skin condition characterized by the formation of small, white, non-infectious pustules (blisters filled with pus) on the skin. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin and often the joints, nails, and other body parts. Pustular psoriasis is a relatively uncommon type of psoriasis, accounting for about 10% of all psoriasis cases. It is most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years, but it can occur at any age.
The exact cause of pustular psoriasis is unknown, however it is thought to be related to an immune system dysfunction that causes an overproduction of certain white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, which accumulate in the skin and release inflammatory chemicals that lead to the formation of pustules. Genetic and environmental factors are considered to play a role in the development of pustular psoriasis. Risk factors include family history of psoriasis, autoimmune disorders, smoking, alcohol consumption, certain medications, infections, and stress.
Pustular psoriasis is characterized by sudden outbreaks of small, sterile, non-infectious pustules that develop on red and inflamed areas of the skin. These pustules can appear on any part of the body, but are commonly found on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, fingers, toes, and in skin folds. The pustules usually rupture, leaving areas of raw, red, and scaling skin. In severe cases, the skin may become blistered and large areas may be affected. Symptoms may also include fever, chills, joint pain, and fatigue.
Diagnosis of pustular psoriasis is made based on the person's symptoms, physical examination, and a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other skin conditions with similar symptoms.
Treatment for pustular psoriasis aims to reduce inflammation, prevent new pustules from forming, and improve the appearance of the skin. Treatment options include topical medications such as corticosteroids and retinoids, oral medications such as systemic retinoids, methotrexate, and cyclosporine, and biologics, which are medications that target specific proteins involved in the immune response. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for management of symptoms.
Pustular psoriasis can be a challenging condition to manage, but it can be controlled with proper treatment. Individuals with the condition should work closely with their healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan and monitor progress.