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What Happens When You Get Sun Poisoning?

Overexposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays can cause a range of adverse affects, from varying degrees of sunburn to permanent skin damage. In some instances, a severe allergic reaction known as sun poisoning can occur. Learning the symptoms of sun poisoning as well as the increased risk factors can help you prevent an uncomfortable and potentially dangerous case of sun poisoning.

  1. Symptoms

    • The most obvious symptom of sun poisoning is red and inflamed skin, also known as a sunburn. Skin can also become blistered in some instances, and skin is sensitive-typically itchy or even painful to the touch. A sunburn alone does not necessarily mean sun poisoning, however. A victim of sun poisoning may experience a headache, fever, chills, nausea, dizziness or become dehydrated. Particularly severe cases of sun poisoning can cause vomiting and a high fever of over 104 degrees.

    Types

    • There are several allergic reactions to ultraviolet radiation that are commonly referred to as sun poisoning. The first is considered a severe case of sunburn. The second is called PMLE, which stands for polymorphous light eruption. PMLE can involve any of the symptoms of common sun poisoning, but also results in a severe skin rash. It typically occurs in people who become exposed to intense sunlight that differs from what they are accustomed to. The third type of sun poisoning is solar urticaria. Symptoms can show up very quickly and can include raised areas on the skin, blisters, wheezing and loss of consciousness.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    • Sun poisoning is caused by exposure to the sun's UV rays. There is no definitive amount of time spent in the sun that causes sun poisoning. People with fair skin and hair are typically more susceptible, however. Some types of medications can also increase your sensitivity to sunlight. Commonly used products that can amp up your risk of sunburn or sun poisoning are oral contraceptives, antibiotics with tetracycline, diuretics, some types of antidepressants and various acne medications. Products that pose a risk should be labeled with a warning.

    Treatment

    • In most cases, treatment for sun poisoning can be done at home. The affected person should be brought indoors and avoid exposure to the sun. A cool bath or shower is recommended, and be sure to lightly pat skin dry. Aloe or cold compresses may be used to alleviate skin discomfort, but avoid fragranced lotions or oils as these could further irritate burned skin. Drink extra fluids to replenish lost moisture and take an over the counter pain reliever if desired. If the victim experiences facial swelling, blistered skin, high fever and chills, an upset stomach, a headache, seems confused or faints, it is recommended that you seek medical attention. Treatment for severe sun poisoning varies, but doctors may prescribe an oral steroid or give fluids intravenously if the patient is dehydrated.

    Prevention

    • You can prevent a painful case of sun poisoning by taking a few precautionary measures before heading outside. Cover exposed skin whenever possible. Apply sunscreen to any skin that isn't covered and choose a product that has a sun protection factor, or SPF, of 30 or more. Re-apply often, especially after swimming or excessive sweating. Avoid wearing fragrances or topical antibacterial creams when going outside as these can increase sensitivity. Keep in mind that the sun is hottest between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. and use extra care if you plan on being outside during these hours.

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