How is the lung function affected by fibrosis?

Pulmonary fibrosis significantly impairs lung function by causing the following changes:

1. Reduced lung compliance: Fibrosis causes the lungs to become stiff and less elastic. This reduces lung compliance, making it more difficult to breathe in and breathe out.

2. Decreased gas exchange: Fibrosis thickens the lung tissues and interstitium, which can impair the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveoli. This leads to decreased gas exchange, resulting in lower oxygen levels and higher carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream.

3. Airflow limitation: Fibrosis can cause scarring and narrowing of the airways, leading to airflow limitation. This makes breathing even more difficult and contributes to shortness of breath.

4. Impaired lung expansion: Fibrosis restricts the expansion of the lungs, limiting the amount of air that can be drawn in during inspiration. This can cause a feeling of chest tightness and breathlessness.

5. Increased respiratory muscle work: As lung compliance decreases and airflow becomes limited, the respiratory muscles have to work harder to overcome the increased resistance to breathing. This increased workload can lead to respiratory muscle fatigue and further worsen breathing difficulties.

Overall, pulmonary fibrosis affects lung function by reducing lung compliance, impairing gas exchange, limiting airflow, restricting lung expansion, and increasing respiratory muscle work. These changes make it challenging for individuals with fibrosis to breathe comfortably, leading to chronic respiratory symptoms that may significantly impact their quality of life.