What is active airway?
Active airway management refers to the techniques and strategies used by healthcare professionals to maintain a clear and unobstructed airway in patients who are unable to do so on their own. This can be due to various reasons, such as unconsciousness, injury, or medical conditions that affect the respiratory system. Active airway management involves several interventions aimed at establishing and maintaining a patent airway, ensuring adequate oxygenation, and preventing complications. Here are some key components of active airway management:
Airway Assessment:
- Healthcare professionals begin by assessing the patient's airway status, including checking for any obstructions, swelling, or secretions that may hinder breathing.
Positioning:
- Proper positioning is essential. The patient may be placed in a supine or semi-Fowler's position to help improve airway patency.
Oxygen Administration:
- Supplemental oxygen may be provided through nasal cannula, face mask, or other devices to support the patient's oxygenation.
Suctioning:
- Suctioning may be necessary to remove secretions, mucus, or foreign objects from the airway, allowing for better airflow.
Intubation:
- In cases where the patient's airway is severely compromised, endotracheal intubation may be required. A breathing tube is inserted into the trachea to establish a secure airway.
Bag-Mask Ventilation:
- If the patient is not breathing or has inadequate respiratory effort, bag-mask ventilation may be performed. This involves using a resuscitation bag and mask to manually deliver breaths.
Monitoring:
- Close monitoring of the patient's respiratory status, vital signs, and oxygen saturation is crucial. Pulse oximetry and capnography are often used to assess oxygenation and ventilation.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP):
- CPAP or BiPAP may be used to support breathing in patients with certain respiratory conditions. These devices deliver pressurized air through a face mask to help keep the airway open.
Emergency Equipment:
- Active airway management requires ready access to emergency equipment such as oxygen tanks, intubation sets, airway adjuncts, and suction devices.
Proper Training and Communication:
- Healthcare professionals involved in active airway management should receive appropriate training and maintain proficiency in airway techniques. Clear communication among team members is vital to ensure effective and safe airway management.
Active airway management is a critical skill in healthcare settings, particularly in emergency situations or when dealing with patients with respiratory distress or compromised airways. It requires ongoing education, training, and collaboration among healthcare professionals to ensure the well-being and safety of patients.