What does the lungs protect?

The lungs are vital organs in the respiratory system that perform several important functions. They serve to protect the body from harmful substances and facilitate gas exchange, which is essential for ensuring adequate oxygen supply and eliminating carbon dioxide. Here's an overview of what the lungs protect:

1. Protection from Inhaled Pollutants: The lungs act as a protective barrier, filtering out various pollutants and foreign particles inhaled from the environment. The air we breathe contains substances like dust, smoke, pollen, and microorganisms. The lungs trap these inhaled particles through specialised structures called cilia and mucus, preventing them from reaching the deeper airways and causing damage to the respiratory system.

2. Defence against Infections: The respiratory system, including the lungs, is constantly exposed to microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The lungs have several mechanisms to defend against infections. They produce mucus, which contains proteins and antimicrobial substances that can trap and destroy pathogens. Additionally, the lungs contain immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, that can recognise and eliminate harmful microorganisms.

3. Regulation of Body Temperature: The lungs play a role in regulating body temperature. When the body temperature rises, the blood vessels in the lungs dilate, increasing the flow of blood to the lung surfaces. This facilitates the release of heat from the blood into the air we exhale, helping to cool down the body.

4. Production of Surfactant: The lungs produce surfactant, a substance that reduces the surface tension within the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs). Surfactant helps to maintain the stability and expansion of the alveoli during breathing. It prevents them from collapsing and allows for efficient gas exchange.

5. Filtration of Blood Clots: In addition to protecting against inhaled pollutants and infections, the lungs also serve as a filter for blood clots. Small blood clots that form in the body can be trapped and broken down in the lungs, reducing the risk of their spread to other vital organs.

Overall, the lungs protect the body by providing essential respiratory functions, filtering harmful substances, defending against infections, regulating body temperature, and removing blood clots. Their efficient functioning is crucial for overall health and well-being.