Vocab for anatomy and physiology chapter 1 through 8?

Here are some important vocabulary terms for each chapter in Anatomy and Physiology, covering chapters 1 through 8:

Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

- Anatomy: The study of the structure of the human body.

- Physiology: The study of the function of the human body.

- Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

- Negative feedback: A regulatory mechanism in which the output of a system acts to reduce the original stimulus.

- Positive feedback: A regulatory mechanism in which the output of a system acts to amplify the original stimulus.

Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

- Atom: The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

- Molecule: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

- Compound: A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together.

- Ion: An atom or molecule that has lost or gained electrons, giving it a net electrical charge.

- pH: A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, on a scale from 0 to 14.

Chapter 3: The Cellular Level of Organization

- Cell: The basic unit of life, composed of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.

- Cell membrane: A thin layer of lipids that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

- Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains the cell's organelles.

- Nucleus: The organelle that contains the cell's DNA and directs the cell's activities.

- Organelles: Small structures within the cell that carry out specific functions.

Chapter 4: Tissues

- Epithelium (plural, epithelia): A layer of cells that covers the surfaces of the body and its cavities.

- Connective tissue: A tissue that supports and connects other tissues and organs.

- Muscle tissue: A tissue that contracts to produce movement.

- Nervous tissue: A tissue that conducts electrical signals to and from the brain and spinal cord.

Chapter 5: The Skeletal System

- Bone: A hard, rigid tissue that forms the skeleton.

- Cartilage: A flexible, resilient tissue that cushions joints and supports structures.

- Joint: The point of contact between two or more bones.

- Ligament: A band of tough connective tissue that connects bones at a joint.

- Tendon: A band of tough connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Chapter 6: The Muscular System

- Muscle: A tissue that contracts to produce movement.

- Skeletal muscle: A muscle that attaches to bones and is responsible for voluntary movement.

- Smooth muscle: A muscle that is found in the walls of hollow organs and is responsible for involuntary movement.

- Cardiac muscle: A muscle that is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood.

Chapter 7: The Nervous System

- Neuron: A nerve cell that transmits electrical signals.

- Dendrite: A branch of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

- Axon: A long, thin projection of a neuron that transmits signals to other neurons.

- Synapse: The junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted.

- Central nervous system (CNS): The brain and spinal cord.

- Peripheral nervous system (PNS): The nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

Chapter 8: The Endocrine System

- Endocrine system: A system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

- Hormone: A chemical messenger that is produced in one part of the body and travels through the bloodstream to another part of the body to exert its effects.

- Target cell: A cell that has receptors for a specific hormone and responds to that hormone by changing its activity.

- Negative feedback: A regulatory mechanism in which the output of a system acts to reduce the original stimulus.