What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, which are the joints that connect the spine to the pelvis. It is a chronic condition that can cause pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the spine and other joints, as well as other symptoms. AS is part of a group of conditions known as spondyloarthritis.
Symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis
The most common symptom of AS is pain and stiffness in the lower back and buttocks. This pain may be worse in the morning and may improve with activity. Other symptoms of AS include:
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Joint pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, hips, and knees
- Eye pain and inflammation
- Difficulty breathing
- Heart problems
- Gastrointestinal problems
Causes of ankylosing spondylitis
The exact cause of AS is unknown, but it is thought to be related to an overactive immune system and genetics. AS is more common in people who have a family history of the condition. It is also more common in men than women.
Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis
AS can be difficult to diagnose, as the symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions. Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms, physical examination, and imaging tests, such as X-rays and MRIs.
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis
There is no cure for AS, but there are treatments that can help to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments for AS include:
- Medications to reduce inflammation and pain, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and biologics
- Physical therapy to improve flexibility and range of motion
- Exercise to strengthen muscles and improve posture
- Surgery to correct spinal deformities or to relieve pressure on the nerves
Prognosis for ankylosing spondylitis
The prognosis for AS varies from person to person. Some people may have mild symptoms that can be controlled with treatment, while others may develop more severe symptoms that can lead to disability. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to improve the prognosis for AS.