Aerosol Rebreathing Method & CPAP

Continuous positive aerosol pressure (CPAP) provides a constant flow of breathable gases under pressure to prevent collapse of the the smallest branches of the lung (alveoli) and therefore improve patients' breathing status. Its use is not limited to sleep apnea, but it is commonly known for that use.

History

• Aerosol rebreathing was invented in 1888, when the first atomizer was created. In the 1960s, intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) provided assistance to those with chronic lung disease and post-operative complications. A variant of this, CPAP, was introduced as a more passive and continuous form of therapy when IPPB was not warranted. It is more portable and easier for patients to self-administer, and can be used at home, during sleep.

Description

• Oxygen therapy with controlled ventilation

  CPAP is an intermediate step between conventional oxygen therapy and controlled ventilation. It reduces the work of breathing and eliminate or reduce lowered oxygen. It consists of a respiratory circuit: a facemask; a means of delivering aerosol particles under pressure when the patient inhales; and a means for discontinuing this when the patient exhales.

Indications

• Though primarily known to the general public as a therapy for sleep apnea, CPAP is also used in cases of pneumonia, infective chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), fibrotic lung disease, mild to moderate adult respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema. It can also be used to prevent or control post-operative lung complications such as atelectasis (inactive areas of the lung.)

Contraindications

• CPAP should not be used in certain conditions, such as: expanded lung volume; after ear, nose or throat surgery, or when the patient is unresponsive or uncooperative. It should be used with caution in cases of facial burns, neck surgery or low blood pressure.