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What Is the Meaning of Acute COPD?

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inflammation limits airflow to the lungs. According to the Mayo Clinic, COPD is a group of diseases consisting of emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthmatic bronchitis and is usually caused by smoking. COPD develops over a period of years, with symptoms including productive (mucus-filled) cough and persistent shortness of breath. These symptoms may eventually lead to difficulty performing everyday activities. Acute exacerbation of the disease occurs from time to time, requiring specialized treatment.

  1. Acute COPD

    • Acute exacerbations of COPD are periods when symptoms of the disease are more severe. Acute exacerbations can be brought on by episodes of bacterial bronchitis, or viral upper respiratory tract infections.

    Treatments

    • Immediate treatment for an acute COPD exacerbation is to supply the patient with adequate oxygen to improve breathing. In severe cases a ventilator may be needed. Bronchodilators, such as inhalers, are used to reduce airway inflammation. Corticosteroids may be used in conjunction with bronchodilators to further reduce inflammation. If the cause of the acute exacerbation is attributed to respiratory infection, antibiotics will be administered.

    Outlook

    • According to Merck, acute exacerbations tend to occur more frequently as COPD progresses, with patients averaging three incidents per year. There is currently no treatment for COPD, and the damage it causes to airways is irreversible, according to the Mayo Clinic. However, combining traditional COPD treatments with lifestyle changes, such as stopping smoking, getting regular exercise and adhering to a proper diet can help improve symptoms. These changes may also strengthen the body to better deal with acute exacerbations.

    Considerations

    • While it is not always possible to predict an acute exacerbation of COPD, there are some preventive measures that can be taken. COPD patients should consider taking regular influenza and pneumonia vaccines, as these illnesses may cause symptom flareups, according to Merck. Proper nutrition and exercise may also improve the prognosis of COPD.

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