What Are the Different Types of Portable Oxygen Tanks?

Oxygen delivery systems have made great strides in recent years when it comes to portability and convenience. Although portable oxygen tanks are very safe, there are some precautions that should always be observed around all oxygen delivery systems. Probably the most important thing to remember is to not smoke, or allow anyone else to smoke, around an oxygen tank or delivery system as sparks can ignite the oxygen and cause facial burns.

Compressed Oxygen

• Compressed oxygen tanks are portable, but heavy.

  Oxygen in compressed oxygen cylinders is stored as a gas. Flow is controlled by a regulator and a flow meter that is attached to the tank. Oxygen is delivered through a lightweight, two-pronged tube called a nasal cannula. Tanks vary in size from small enough to carry to large ones on wheels, however even the small ones can be heavy. Canisters must be kept upright and handled with care as the oxygen is under extreme pressure. The portable canisters must be replaced when empty. This kind of system is usually used by people who do not need oxygen all the time, only when walking or performing some kind of task.

Liquid Oxygen

• At very low temperatures, oxygen is a liquid.

  Oxygen turns to liquid at very cold temperatures. And then changes to a gas when warmed. A liquid oxygen system has a large, stationary unit from which small, portable canisters (from 6 to 8 pounds) can be filled. Portable canisters are available with a shoulder strap, so that they can be carried, or a cart with wheels that can be pulled alongside the patient. Liquid oxygen takes up less space than compressed oxygen and is preferred by people who are very active, but it is more expensive to use. It is important to note that these types of portable canisters are not allowed on airplanes. Also, liquid oxygen cannot be stored for long periods of time, because it will evaporate.

Oxygen Concentrators

• Portable oxygen concentrators are about the size of a backpack.

  Oxygen concentrators are typically stationary units that run on electricity. They cannot be used to fill portable cylinders, but battery operated portable models are available. The portable units come in different designs; one is about the size of a backpack and has wheels. Another is the size of a large thermos and is very lightweight (about 6 pounds). This system extracts oxygen from the air in the room and can deliver oxygen at a high flow rate. Oxygen concentrators are perhaps the easiest to maintain as they require no refilling. They are also less expensive than the two other types. Another advantage to this type is that portable oxygen concentrators are permitted by most commercial airlines. This kind of system is often preferred for those on long-term oxygen therapy.