What is transient tachypnea?
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) is a common respiratory condition that affects newborn babies. It is characterized by rapid breathing, usually within the first few hours of life, that resolves spontaneously within 24-72 hours.
Causes
The exact cause of TTNB is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to the transition from the fluid-filled environment of the womb to the air-filled environment outside the womb. This transition can cause the lungs to fill with extra fluid, making it more difficult for the baby to breathe.
Risk factors
Certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of a newborn developing TTNB, including:
- Prematurity: TTNB is more common in premature babies, especially those born before 34 weeks of gestation.
- Cesarean section: Babies born by cesarean section are more likely to develop TTNB than those born vaginally.
- Maternal diabetes: Babies born to mothers with diabetes are at an increased risk of TTNB.
- RDS (respiratory distress syndrome): Babies with RDS, which is a condition that causes the lungs to be underdeveloped and unable to function properly, are more likely to develop TTNB.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of TTNB is rapid breathing. Other symptoms can include:
- Retractions: The baby may pull in the skin between the ribs or have a "see-saw" breathing pattern.
- Grunting: The baby may make a grunting sound when breathing.
- Flaring of the nostrils: The baby's nostrils may flare out when they breathe.
- Cyanosis: The baby's skin may turn blue, especially around the lips and fingertips.
Diagnosis
TTNB is diagnosed based on the baby's symptoms, physical examination, and chest X-ray. The chest X-ray will show characteristic findings, such as increased lung markings and fluid in the lungs.
Treatment
Most cases of TTNB do not require treatment and will resolve spontaneously within 24-72 hours. In some cases, oxygen may be needed to help the baby breathe. Rarely, mechanical ventilation may be required.
Prognosis
The prognosis for TTNB is generally good. Most babies recover fully and do not have any long-term effects.