How Becomes Geographic Atrophy

Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that leads to the progressive destruction of the central part of the retina, the macula. The macula is responsible for sharp central vision, which is necessary for activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

GA develops when the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a layer of cells that supports the photoreceptors in the retina, begins to deteriorate. The RPE is responsible for removing waste products from the retina and providing nutrients to the photoreceptors. When the RPE is damaged, the photoreceptors die, leading to the formation of geographic-shaped areas of atrophy in the macula.

The exact cause of GA is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Age, smoking, high blood pressure, and obesity are all risk factors for GA.

GA typically progresses slowly over many years. In the early stages, there may be no noticeable symptoms. However, as the atrophy progresses, central vision may become blurry or distorted, and dark spots may appear in the central field of vision. In advanced cases, GA can lead to severe vision loss and legal blindness.

There is currently no cure for GA, but there are treatments that can help slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision. These treatments include anti-VEGF injections, which block the growth of new blood vessels that can damage the retina, and photodynamic therapy, which uses a light-activated drug to destroy abnormal blood vessels.

Early diagnosis and treatment of GA are important for preserving vision. If you are experiencing any changes in your central vision, it is important to see an eye doctor right away.