What Is Body Dysmorphia?

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), also known simply as body dysmorphia, is a preoccupation with one or more perceived flaws in appearance. It is usually not relieved by reassurance or cosmetic treatments.

In simple terms, a person affected with body dysmorphia can't stop thinking about one or more perceived flaws or defects in their appearance, that only they see or appear worse than they are. People affected tend to spend excessive time grooming, trying to hide the flaws, or comparing their appearance with others. For example, they may frequently check themselves in the mirror, seek constant reassurance from others about their appearance, or avoid social situations altogether. These obsessions can cause extreme distress, significantly impair daily life, and affect relationships, work, or school.

Some common themes in body dysmorphic disorder include:

- excessive concerns about hair loss or thinning

- excessive focus on the size, shape, or symmetry of body parts (e.g., nose, mouth, breasts, genitals)

- excessive concerns about skin blemishes or wrinkles

- belief that one's body is deformed or ugly, even when objective evidence suggests otherwise

- compulsive behaviors related to appearance, such as frequent mirror-checking, excessive grooming or skincare, or seeking cosmetic procedures

- fear of being seen in public or socializing due to perceived flaws in one's appearance

- avoidance of situations where one's appearance may be scrutinized, such as going to the beach, swimming, or attending social events

- severe emotional distress, depression, or anxiety caused by the preoccupation with appearance

- suicidal ideation or behavior