How does mononucleosis affect body systems?

Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, primarily affects the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in the body's immune response. The virus responsible for mono, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), enters the body and infects B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the lymph nodes.

Effects on the lymphatic system:

- Swollen lymph nodes: Mono is characterized by swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits, and groin areas. These swollen nodes are a sign that the body's immune system is actively fighting the infection.

- Sore throat: The virus can cause inflammation and swelling in the throat and tonsils, leading to a sore throat and difficulty swallowing.

Effects on other body systems:

- Fatigue: One of the most common symptoms of mono is extreme fatigue and a feeling of exhaustion that can persist for several weeks or even months.

- Fever: Mono can cause a fever that may range from low-grade to high-grade.

- Splenomegaly: The spleen, an organ involved in filtering blood, may become enlarged (splenomegaly) in some cases of mono. This enlargement can cause discomfort or pain in the upper left abdomen.

- Skin rash: A red, itchy rash may develop in some individuals with mono. This rash typically appears on the trunk and can spread to other parts of the body.

- Neurological symptoms: In rare cases, mono can affect the nervous system, causing symptoms such as severe headaches, seizures, or Guillain-Barré syndrome (a neurological disorder that leads to muscle weakness).

It's important to note that not all individuals who contract EBV develop mono. Some may experience a milder or asymptomatic infection. The severity and duration of symptoms can vary from person to person.