What is dropped foot disease?

Dropped foot, also known as foot drop, is a condition in which the foot hangs down and cannot be lifted up due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles that control dorsiflexion of the ankle. Dorsiflexion is the movement of lifting the foot upwards towards the shin.

Dropped foot can be caused by various neurological, muscular, or structural problems that affect the nerves or muscles involved in foot movement. Some common causes of dropped foot include:

1. Nerve Damage: Damage to the peroneal nerve, which supplies the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion, can lead to dropped foot. This nerve damage can occur due to various reasons such as:

- Trauma or injury to the knee or lower leg

- Prolonged pressure on the peroneal nerve, such as from wearing tight casts or kneeling for extended periods

- Neurological conditions like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or Guillain-Barré syndrome

2. Muscle Disorders: Diseases that affect the muscles, such as muscular dystrophy or polio, can cause weakness or paralysis of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion, resulting in dropped foot.

3. Structural Issues: In some cases, dropped foot may be caused by structural problems in the foot and ankle, such as congenital deformities, joint injuries, or arthritis.

4. Brain and Spinal Cord Disorders: Conditions affecting the brain or spinal cord, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injuries, can disrupt the nerve pathways involved in foot movement, leading to dropped foot.

5. Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs or antidepressants, may cause dropped foot as a side effect.

Symptoms of dropped foot may include:

- Difficulty lifting the front part of the foot

- Dragging the foot while walking

- Increased risk of tripping or falling

- Weakness or paralysis of the muscles on the top of the foot

- Abnormal gait

Treatment for dropped foot depends on the underlying cause and may involve physical therapy, bracing or splinting, medications, or surgical intervention. Physical therapy aims to strengthen the weakened muscles and improve mobility, while bracing or splinting can help support the foot and prevent it from dropping. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct nerve damage or structural issues. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help improve function and prevent complications.