Why does sunburn hurt?

Sunburn occurs when the skin is exposed to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to a range of symptoms, including redness, pain, swelling, and peeling. Here's a closer look at why sunburn hurts:

1. Inflammation: Sun exposure triggers an inflammatory response in the skin. The body releases chemicals called cytokines, which cause blood vessels to dilate and increase blood flow to the affected area. This leads to redness, swelling, and heat.

2. Damaged nerve endings: UV radiation can directly damage nerve endings in the skin, leading to pain and hypersensitivity. As the skin becomes inflamed and swollen, it puts pressure on nerve endings, further intensifying the pain.

3. Sunburn cells: When skin cells are damaged by UV radiation, they release chemicals that can cause pain and itching. These chemicals include histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins.

4. Dehydration: Sun exposure can also lead to dehydration of the skin, making it more sensitive and prone to pain.

5. Sunburn blisters: In severe cases of sunburn, blisters may develop. Blisters are filled with fluid and can be very painful.

6. Secondary infections: Sunburned skin is more vulnerable to infection. If the skin barrier is compromised, bacteria can easily enter and cause infections, leading to additional pain and complications.

The intensity of sunburn pain can vary depending on several factors, such as the amount of UV radiation exposure, skin type, and individual pain sensitivity. It's important to protect your skin from sunburn by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. If you do get sunburn, there are various home remedies and over-the-counter medications available to help relieve the pain and discomfort.