What are the functions of skin oils?

The skin produces a variety of natural oils, collectively referred to as skin oils, sebum, or skin lipids, which play crucial functions in维持健康的皮肤：

Waterproofing and barrier protection: Skin oils create a protective layer on the skin's surface, preventing excessive water loss and protecting it from potentially harmful external factors such as environmental pollutants, microorganisms, and allergens.

Lubrication and smoothness: Skin oils act as a lubricant, ensuring the skin's softness and flexibility. They reduce friction between skin surfaces and facilitate smooth movement.

Antimicrobial and antifungal properties: Some components of skin oils have inherent antimicrobial and antifungal properties that provide a degree of protection against infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Moisturization and hydration: Skin oils help retain moisture within the skin, preventing it from becoming dry and rough.

Vitamin D synthesis: Sebum contains a precursor molecule that undergoes chemical changes in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, eventually leading to the synthesis of vitamin D, which is essential for bone health and calcium metabolism.

Emollient effect: Skin oils add smoothness and suppleness to the skin, contributing to its overall appearance.

Hormone regulation: Skin oils are also influenced by hormonal fluctuations, particularly in response to androgenic hormones during puberty and adulthood, which leads to increased sebum production.

Thermoregulation: Skin oils can contribute to thermoregulation by adjusting their production based on the ambient temperature. In warmer environments, increased sebum production helps limit water loss through sweating.

Hair health: Sebum travels along the hair shaft, providing natural conditioning, shine, and protection to the hair.

However, excessive production of skin oils, particularly in individuals with oily skin types, can lead to acne and other skin issues. Therefore, maintaining proper skincare routines, including regular cleansing, gentle exfoliation, and moisturizing, is essential for balanced and healthy skin.