Why do some people get sunburned more easily than others?

Several factors influence an individual's susceptibility to sunburn:

Skin Type: People with lighter skin types (Fitzpatrick scale 1-2) are more likely to sunburn easily compared to those with darker skin tones. Fair-skinned individuals have less melanin, a pigment that acts as a natural shield against UV radiation.

Melanin Concentration: Melanin acts as a natural sunscreen for the skin. Individuals with higher levels of melanin have better protection against sunburn. Melanin absorbs and scatters UV light, preventing it from reaching and damaging deeper skin layers.

Genetic Predisposition: Genetics play a crucial role in determining one's sensitivity to sunburn. Certain genetic variations affect melanin production and DNA repair mechanisms, influencing how an individual's skin responds to UV radiation.

UV Light Exposure: The extent and duration of UV exposure significantly impact the likelihood of sunburn. Prolonged exposure to intense sunlight, especially during peak hours (10 AM - 4 PM), increases the risk of sunburn. The intensity of UV radiation can vary based on geographic location, time of day, season, and altitude.

Sun Sensitivity Medications: Some medications can make individuals more susceptible to sunburn. This includes certain antibiotics, acne treatments, chemotherapy drugs, and diuretics. Always consult with healthcare professionals to understand the potential photosensitizing effects of any medications you are taking.

Age: Children and older adults tend to have more sensitive skin and are more prone to sunburn. Their skin can have reduced melanin production and weakened DNA repair mechanisms, making them more vulnerable to sun damage.

Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions may influence an individual's susceptibility to sunburn. People with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), photosensitive skin disorders, or weakened immune systems may experience increased sensitivity to sunlight.