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Types of Skin Rash on Kids

A variety of skin rashes can affect children. A rash is an outbreak of red bumps or patches on the skin that can cause irritation. Rashes can be dry or scaly and include bumps, blisters or pimples. The cause of a rash can be determined by location and duration. Most rashes go away naturally and cannot be transmitted to others unless caused by an infectious disease. Talk with a physician to get a professional diagnosis.

  1. Contact Dermatitis

    • Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that appears swollen, red and itchy. Irritant and allergic are two forms of contact dermatitis. The former is caused when skin is in contact with an irritating substance such as a chemical, soap or detergent; the latter is a rash caused by contact with an allergen. An allergen is something that a child may be allergic to such as rubber, nickel or the oil contained in poison ivy, oak and sumac. Oral histamines or topical steroids are typical treatments for each type of dermatitis.

    Eczema

    • Eczema can cause dry, chapped, bumpy areas around the elbows and knees, or in more serious cases cause red, scaly and swollen skin all over the body. Eczema occurs in children who are sensitive to allergens such as pollen, mold, dust and animal dander. Eczema is not contagious, but children should not scratch the rash because it can worsen the condition, or cause skin damage or a secondary infection. Although there is no cure for eczema, it can be treated with antihistamines, topical cortisone or moisturizing ointments. Prevent outbreaks from occurring by avoiding frequent hot baths, scented soaps and wool clothing.

    Fifth Disease

    • If a child develops bright red patches on his cheeks that are raised, warm and make the child as though he's been slapped, he may have a viral illness known as fifth disease. This virus is contagious, and once a child is exposed it may take 4 to 14 days for symptoms to appear. It starts on the cheeks and spreads to the arms, trunk, thighs and buttocks. The rash fades after 5 to 10 days but can reappear briefly if the child becomes hot from bathing, exercise or sunlight. There is no specific medicine for fifth disease and treatment is geared toward providing relief of symptoms such as fever, aches or pains.

    Ringworm

    • Ringworm is a tinea infection caused by fungi called dermatophytes. It can be itchy and appear as a red, scaly patch that starts to look like a bumpy ring with a clear center. Ringworm of the scalp is common in children and causes some hair to fall out or break into stubbles. Ringworm is contagious and easily spread from person to person or through contact with animals such as cats and dogs. Ringworm is easy to diagnose and treat with antifungal medication.

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