What are substances that induce sleep?

Substances that induce sleep are called hypnotics or sedatives. Some common examples include:

1) Benzodiazepines: These are commonly prescribed drugs used to treat insomnia and anxiety. Some examples of benzodiazepines include diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), and clonazepam (Klonopin).

2) Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics: These drugs have similar effects to benzodiazepines but belong to a different chemical class. Some examples include zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), and zaleplon (Sonata).

3) Antihistamines: Some antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), have sedative properties and are commonly used as over-the-counter sleep aids.

4) Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the body that plays a role in regulating sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin supplements are often used to treat sleep disturbances and jet lag.

5) Barbiturates: Barbiturates are sedative-hypnotic drugs that were commonly used in the past but have largely been replaced by benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics due to their higher risk of side effects and potential for addiction.

It's important to use these substances cautiously, as they can cause side effects and lead to addiction with prolonged or improper use. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any sleep-inducing medications.