What is obstructive sleep apnea?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. When the airway becomes completely blocked, breathing is interrupted for at least 10 seconds. This can happen multiple times per hour, throughout the night.

OSA is caused by a combination of factors, including:

* Narrowed airway: The airway may be narrowed by enlarged tonsils, adenoids, or soft palate tissue.

* Weak throat muscles: The muscles in the throat may relax too much during sleep, allowing the airway to collapse.

* Obesity: Obesity can contribute to OSA by increasing the amount of fat around the neck, which can narrow the airway.

* Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as heart failure, diabetes, and thyroid problems, can increase the risk of OSA.

Symptoms of OSA include:

* Loud snoring

* Witnessed pauses in breathing during sleep

* Gasping or choking during sleep

* Morning headaches

* Excessive daytime sleepiness

* Difficulty concentrating

* Irritability

* Memory loss

OSA can lead to several serious health problems, including:

* Heart disease

* Stroke

* Diabetes

* Obesity

* Depression

* Increased risk of accidents

If you think you may have OSA, talk to your doctor. A sleep study can be used to diagnose OSA and determine the best treatment options.

Treatment options for OSA include:

* Lifestyle changes: Losing weight, avoiding alcohol and caffeine before bed, and sleeping on your side can help improve OSA symptoms.

* Oral appliances: Oral appliances can be worn at night to help keep the airway open.

* Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): CPAP therapy is the most common treatment for OSA. CPAP therapy involves wearing a mask that delivers pressurized air to the airway, which helps keep it open.

Surgery may be an option for people who do not respond to other treatments.