What are the causes of delirium?

Delirium is a sudden change in mental abilities that can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Medical conditions:

* Infections, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections

* Dehydration

* Electrolyte imbalances

* Liver or kidney failure

* Heart failure

* Diabetes

* Cancer

* Endocrine disorders, such as thyroid problems

* Vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

2. Medications:

* Certain prescription medications, such as opioids, benzodiazepines, and anticholinergics

* Over-the-counter medications, such as sleep aids and antihistamines

* Alcohol and drug abuse

3. Surgeries and procedures:

* Major surgery

* General anesthesia

* Prolonged immobility

4. Other factors:

* Advanced age

* Dementia

* History of delirium

* Frailty

* Sensory deprivation or overload

* Emotional or physical stress