Exercise-Induced Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis is the name given to the breakdown of muscle fibers, which results in the release of myoglobin into the bloodstream that can be harmful to organ systems. Prolonged, strenuous exercise is a leading cause of rhabdomyolysis.

Significance

• While rhabdomyolysis is not a normal risk associated with exercise, it can be brought on by severe exertion, such as marathon running or unusual amounts of high-impact calisthenics.

Explanation

• When exercise continues long enough for the body to become depleted of oxygen and fat needed to continue producing energy, the body may begin to break down muscle fibers to use in place of fat. This causes the release of the protein myoglobin, which, when further broken down, contains compounds that can harm the body.

Symptoms

• Early symptoms of rhabdomyolysis caused by exercise include red or brown urine, weakness and extreme muscle aches, tenderness and weakness. If the condition is allowed to continue, it can cause weight gain, fatigue, joint pain and seizures.

Complications

• Possible complications of rhabdomyolysis include damage to the kidney tubules and acute kidney failure.

Treatment

• Hydration through fluids and intravenous means are the primary means of treatment, and if caught early can usually prevent any permanent damage. Diuretics and bicarbonate may also be given to help flush the myoglobin compounds from the kidneys.