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Long-Term Stroke Risk After TIA

TIA, or Transient Ischemic Attack, is also referred to as a "mini-stroke". This mini-stroke is often a precursor to a future full stroke in which brain damage can be permanent. Understanding and recognizing the signs of TIA can help individuals reduce the likelihood of a future stroke by making lifestyle changes and receiving proper medical care.

  1. Definition

    • A transient ischemic attack is a type of stroke in which symptoms do not last very long and there is no permanent brain damage. This mini-stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is temporarily blocked and deprives the brain cells of oxygen. Sensations are often numbness on one side of the body, difficulty seeing, confusion, loss of balance or sudden and severe headache. If the loss of blood supply is brief, typically less than 5 minutes, and these symptoms disappear and the brain recovers without permanent injury.

    Treatment

    • A TIA should never be ignored and it is important to call 9-1-1 or seek immediate medical attention even after symptoms resolve. A doctor can best determine if a TIA has occurred or if a similar medical problem requires investigation, such as a seizure or fainting episode. Medical treatment for a TIA may be necessary as determined by a doctor's examination.

    Future Stroke Risk

    • Among individuals who have had at least one or more transient ischemic attacks the long-term risk of having a stroke at a later time is approximately 15%. Not all strokes are preceded by a TIA. The occurrence of a TIA is an important factor in determining the chances of a future stroke and should be taken as a valuable warning sign to work to reduce the risks of stroke.

    Reducing the Risks (Diet)

    • One of the main areas which affect heart disease is diet. A diet high in foods rich in vitamins, fiber and minerals is beneficial to a healthy cardiovascular system. Fiber-rich foods such as whole-grain breads and cereals and low-fat milk and other dairy products play a major role. Avoid foods which are high in fat and low in nutrients. Reduce salt intake as this contributes to water retention and can affect blood pressure.

    Reducing the Risks (Lifestyle)

    • Exercise, combined with good eating habits, reduces weight and strengthens the heart, keeping arteries flexible and healthy. At least 30 minutes of exercise most days is recommended. Smoking causes fat to accumulate in arteries and is a major contributor to heart disease and stroke and should be avoided.

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