What Is Hyperparathyroidism? What Causes It?

What is Hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is essential for regulating calcium levels in the blood, but too much of it can cause a variety of health problems.

What Causes Hyperparathyroidism?

There are several causes of hyperparathyroidism, including:

* Primary hyperparathyroidism: This is the most common type of hyperparathyroidism and is usually caused by a benign tumor of the parathyroid glands.

* Secondary hyperparathyroidism: This type of hyperparathyroidism is caused by another medical condition, such as kidney failure or vitamin D deficiency, that leads to low calcium levels in the blood.

* Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: This type of hyperparathyroidism develops when secondary hyperparathyroidism is not treated and the parathyroid glands become autonomous.

Symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

* Kidney stones

* Bone pain

* Muscle weakness

* Fatigue

* Nausea and vomiting

* Constipation

* Increased thirst

* Frequent urination

Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed with a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies.

Blood tests can measure the levels of PTH and calcium in the blood. Urine tests can measure the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the urine. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans, can be used to visualize the parathyroid glands and look for tumors.

Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism

The treatment of hyperparathyroidism depends on the cause of the condition.

* Primary hyperparathyroidism: The treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is usually surgery to remove the affected parathyroid gland(s).

* Secondary hyperparathyroidism: The treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism is to treat the underlying medical condition that is causing the low calcium levels.

* Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: The treatment for tertiary hyperparathyroidism is usually surgery, but in some cases, medication may be used.

Outlook for Hyperparathyroidism

The outlook for people with hyperparathyroidism is generally good. Most people who are treated for the condition experience significant improvement in their symptoms.