How Your Thyroid Affects a Pregnancy
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. During pregnancy, the thyroid plays an important role in the development of the fetus.
Thyroid hormones and pregnancy
The thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are essential for fetal development. They help to regulate the growth and development of the baby's brain, heart, lungs, and other organs. Thyroid hormones also play a role in the production of amniotic fluid, which cushions the baby in the womb.
Thyroid problems and pregnancy
Too much or too little thyroid hormone can cause problems during pregnancy.
* Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism can cause a number of problems during pregnancy, including:
* Miscarriage
* Premature birth
* Low birth weight
* Heart problems
* Developmental delays
* Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism can also cause a number of problems during pregnancy, including:
* Infertility
* Miscarriage
* Premature birth
* Low birth weight
* Developmental delays
Testing for thyroid problems during pregnancy
All pregnant women should be screened for thyroid problems at their first prenatal visit. The screening test measures the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. If the results of the screening test are abnormal, further testing may be needed to diagnose a thyroid problem.
Treatment for thyroid problems during pregnancy
Treatment for thyroid problems during pregnancy depends on the specific condition.
* Hyperthyroidism is typically treated with medication to reduce the levels of thyroid hormone in the blood.
* Hypothyroidism is typically treated with thyroid hormone replacement medication.
Treatment for thyroid problems during pregnancy can help to ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby.
If you have any concerns about your thyroid health during pregnancy, talk to your doctor.