What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism?

Treatment options for hyperparathyroidism depend on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause.

Observation

For mild hyperparathyroidism, the doctor may recommend observation and periodic monitoring of calcium levels and bone density. This approach may be appropriate if you have few or no symptoms and your blood calcium levels are only slightly elevated.

Medication

Certain medications can be used to control calcium levels and prevent complications of hyperparathyroidism. These medications include:

Cinacalcet (Sensipar): This medication works by lowering the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium in the blood. It's given as an injection or as a tablet taken by mouth.

Bisphosphonates: These medications help maintain bone strength by reducing the amount of calcium released from the bones. They are typically taken as tablets by mouth.

Surgery

Surgery is generally the preferred treatment for moderate to severe hyperparathyroidism, or when the condition is causing complications. The goal of surgery is to remove the overactive parathyroid glands. Surgery may be recommended if:

Your blood calcium levels are persistently high

You have symptoms related to hyperparathyroidism

You have osteoporosis or other bone problems caused by hyperparathyroidism

You're younger than 50 years old

In most cases, surgery is done through a small incision in the neck. The surgeon will remove the affected parathyroid gland or glands. This type of surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis, meaning you can go home the same day.

In rare cases, more extensive surgery may be necessary. This may be the case if you have multiple overactive parathyroid glands or if the glands are located in an unusual location.

After surgery, you will need to be monitored closely to make sure your calcium levels remain normal. You may also need to take calcium and vitamin D supplements for a period of time.

Other treatments

In some cases, other treatments may be considered for hyperparathyroidism. These include:

Radiation therapy: This treatment may be used in patients who are not candidates for surgery. It involves using high-energy X-rays to destroy the overactive parathyroid glands.

Dialysis: This treatment is used to remove excess calcium from the blood in patients with kidney failure. Dialysis may be necessary if hyperparathyroidism is severe or complications of hyperparathyroidism are present.

Talk to your doctor

The best treatment option for hyperparathyroidism will depend on your individual situation and the severity of your condition. Talk to your doctor about the available treatment options and the risks and benefits of each.