What is hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). The parathyroid glands are four small glands located on the back of the thyroid gland. PTH is a hormone that regulates the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

When the parathyroid glands produce too much PTH, it can cause a number of problems, including:

* Increased blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia)

* Decreased blood phosphorus levels (hypophosphatemia)

* Bone loss

* Kidney stones

* Muscle weakness

* Fatigue

* Nausea

* Vomiting

* Constipation

* Diarrhea

* Mental confusion

Hyperparathyroidism can be caused by a number of things, including:

* An overgrowth of the parathyroid glands

* A tumor of the parathyroid glands

* Certain genetic conditions

* Kidney disease

* Vitamin D deficiency

Treatment for hyperparathyroidism typically involves surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid glands. In some cases, medication may be used to lower blood calcium levels and prevent complications.