What is a thyriod?

Thyroid

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It produces hormones that control metabolism, growth, and development.

Thyroid hormones

The thyroid produces two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to cells throughout the body, where they regulate a wide range of functions, including:

* Metabolism: Thyroid hormones control the body's metabolic rate, which is the rate at which cells convert food into energy.

* Growth: Thyroid hormones are essential for growth and development in children and adolescents.

* Heart rate and blood pressure: Thyroid hormones help to regulate heart rate and blood pressure.

* Body temperature: Thyroid hormones help to maintain a normal body temperature.

* Mood and behavior: Thyroid hormones can affect mood and behavior.

Thyroid disorders

A number of thyroid disorders can occur, including:

* Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and hair loss.

* Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormones. This can cause a wide range of symptoms, including weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping.

* Goiter: A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiters can be caused by a number of conditions, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. It is the most common endocrine cancer and the fifth most common cancer in women. Thyroid cancer is usually curable if it is found and treated early.

Thyroid surgery

Thyroid surgery is sometimes necessary to treat thyroid disorders, such as goiter and thyroid cancer. Thyroid surgery involves removing all or part of the thyroid gland.