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What Diseases Can Disrupt Thyroid Function?

The thyroid gland secretes hormones that help to regulate metabolism, regulate the energy in the body and regulate the body's use of hormones. There are some diseases and medical conditions that may interfere with proper function of the thyroid gland.

  1. Identification

    • The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. Diseases of the thyroid gland can cause the production of too much thyroid hormone--hyperthyroidism--or too little thyroid hormone--hypothyroidism.

    Hypothyroidism

    • Hypothyroidism can be caused by antithyroid antibodies which may be present in those who suffer from lupus, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma or chronic hepatitis. The antibodies that are produced from these conditions can cause a decrease in production of thyroid hormones.

    Hyperthyroidism

    • Grave's disease can lead to hyperthyroidism. Grave's disease can cause an overstimulation of the thyroid gland, which may lead to "bug eyes." Thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease that may cause hyperthyroidism. Some prescription medications, such as amiodarone, may cause hyperthyroidism as well.

    Symptoms Of Hypothyroidism

    • Early symptoms of hypothyroidism may include extreme fatigue, intolerance to cold, constipation and wrist pain--carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms of more advanced hypothyroidism may include poor appetite, weight gain, hair loss, dry skin, hoarse voice, difficulty thinking, depression and irregular menstrual periods.

    Symptoms Of Hyperthyroidism

    • Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include tremors, insomnia, feeling hot, frequent bowel movements, weight loss, sweating excessively, irregular menstrual periods, joint pain, enlarged eyes and difficulty concentrating.

    Considerations

    • It is important to note that many people experience thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. This may be difficult to diagnose, since many thyroid symptoms resemble symptoms that may occur during pregnancy such as fatigue and weight gain. Some women experience an onset of thyroid dysfunction after pregnancy and delivery, which may occur within three to six months after giving birth.

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