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What Happens When Your Thyroid Is Low?

Low thyroid function, known as hypothyroidism, occurs when too little thyroid hormone is present in the bloodstream. According to the National Institutes of Health, around 5 percent of the adult population suffers from this condition. Low thyroid function results in a host of symptoms which can challenge the quality of daily life and lead to long term medical issues.

  1. About the Thyroid

    • The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system and is located at the base of the neck. It produces two hormones which help control metabolic function and protein processing throughout the body. Thyroid hormone production is controlled by the pituitary gland, located in the brain.

    Hypothyroidism

    • Hypothyroidism occurs when the amount of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream drops. This can be caused by a decrease in the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland or an inflammation of the thyroid gland.

    Effects

    • As the amount of thyroid hormone decreases in the bloodstream, so does the body's metabolic rate, causing a wide range of side effects that reflect the body's slower processing of energy and protein.

    Symptoms

    • Over 47 distinct symptoms have been identified and attributed to low thyroid function. Common symptoms include intolerance to cold, hair loss, depression, dry skin, constipation and weight gain without a change in diet or exercise habits.

    Treatment

    • The effects of low thyroid function can be managed effectively through a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. There are a variety of pharmaceuticals which can be prescribed to increase thyroid function. They are most effective when paired with key lifestyle changes, such as proper vitamin supplementation, exercise and a diet rich in protein and vegetables.

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