How do mice get tumors?

There are many ways that mice can get tumors. The following are some of the most common causes:

- Genetic mutations: Mutations in genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation can lead to cancer. Many of these mutations are inherited, while others occur spontaneously.

- Chemical carcinogens: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene, formaldehyde, and asbestos, can increase the risk of cancer. Mice can be exposed to these chemicals through their diet, inhalation, or skin contact.

- Physical carcinogens: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and other forms of radiation can damage DNA and lead to cancer. Mice can be exposed to these carcinogens through sunlight, medical imaging procedures, and radiation therapy.

- Viral infections: Some viruses, such as the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and the human papillomavirus (HPV), can cause cancer in mice. Mice can contract these viruses through direct contact with infected animals or through exposure to contaminated food or water.

- Immune system defects: Mice with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop cancer. This is because the immune system normally fights off abnormal cells that could lead to cancer.

The specific type of tumor that a mouse develops depends on the cause of the cancer and the mouse's individual genetic makeup.