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Types of Leg Ulcers

A leg ulcer is an area of exposed tissue, surrounded by damaged skin which forms a shallow hole or crater. The legs are susceptible to arterial ulcers, venous ulcers and neurotrophic ulcers. Ulcers form when the blood circulation to the legs is compromised, which reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrients needed for healthy tissues. Pools of blood form in the blocked area, breaking the tissue down and leading to sores and/or ulcers.

  1. Arterial Leg Ulcers

    • Arterial leg ulcers are associated with poor blood circulation caused by atherosclerosis (arterial walls thickening from plaque buildup). The poor blood circulation and fatty deposits from plaque buildup cause either partial or complete blockages leading to the weakening of healthy tissues. Arterial ulcers are located in the lower leg, feet, heels and toes. This type of leg ulcers is accountable for approximately 10 percent of all diagnoses.

    Venous Leg Ulcers

    • Venous leg ulcers are normally located in the area below the knee but above the ankle. This type of ulcer is caused when the blood flow is inhibited and blood begins to pool in a particular area. This pool formation leads to tissue breakdown causing the ulcers to form. According to the Cleveland Clinic, venous ulcers affect approximately 500,000 to 600,000 individuals in the United States and account for 80 to 90 percent of all diagnosed leg ulcers.

    Neurotrophic (Diabetic)

    • Neurotrophic ulcers are prevalent in patients diagnosed with diabetes. Ulcers can be caused by neuropathy (nerve damage) and peripheral artery disease. With decreased circulation from diabetes, individuals are at risk for developing ulcers located at pressure points on the feet and toes.

    Treatment

    • There are a variety of treatment options depending on the severity and location. Treating the underlying condition is the first line of defense. Wound cleansing, anti-inflammatories, topical antibiotics, compression therapy, and dressings are conventional treatment options. If wounds are severe, plastic surgery techniques use skin grafts from other areas of the body to promote healing.

    Prevention

    • Prevention is focused on eliminating and controlling risk factors associated with leg ulcers. Smoking cessation, controlling blood pressure, managing diabetes, and lifestyle changes are ways to reduce risk. Lifestyle changes include a well-balanced diet with reduced sodium intake, exercise and controlling and/or losing weight. Health care professionals suggest using support stockings and inspecting legs and feet daily for abnormal changes in the skin.

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