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Complications of Pneumatic Compression Devices

A pneumatic compression device is a durable medical appliance that treats chronic venous insufficiencies of the legs or arms. Many patients who use these devices suffer from venous complications and ulcers that have failed to heal. The compression stimulates circulation and reduces the chances of the patient developing DVT (deep vein thrombosis). Although pneumatic compression devices help a patient who needs it, complications may develop.

  1. Compartment Syndrome

    • Compartment syndrome is one issue that can arise with the use of an intermittent pneumatic compression device. This results from increased pressure in the muscle, which in turn presses on the blood vessels and nerves. If the pressure becomes high enough, the muscles can die and a surgeon may need to amputate the limb.

    Peroneal nerve palsy

    • Peroneal nerve palsy is another serious complication. This nerve damage can lead to loss of sensation in the foot and/or leg of the person suffering the dysfunction. The peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The nerve damage occurs after destroying the covering of the nerve cells (myelin sheath).

    Genital lymphedema

    • Patients with lymphedema of the lower limbs may have an increased risk of developing genital lymphedema, brought on with the use of the pneumatic compression device. This is caused by the compression device pushing fluid from the limb up into unaffected areas; in this case, the genitals.

    Pain

    • For a number of reasons, depending on the patient and her individual condition, pain may increas or become a new issue with the use of compression therapy. This can sometimes be due to an undetected underlying ulcer or infection. Trauma to the surrounding tissues due to poor application of the compression can also cause excruciating pain.

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