What Are the Causes of Urinary Crystals?

Urinary crystals are the building blocks of kidney stones, solid masses that can temporarily disrupt the functions of kidneys and their associated ureters (tubes). These crystals typically form when excessive amounts of certain substances are present in the urine.

The Facts

• According to the Mayo Clinic, urinary crystals are formed when there is too little liquid in the urine to dilute crystal-forming substances such as uric acid and calcium. Dehydration is a common factor in creating this environment.

Substances That Form Crystals

• In addition to calcium and uric acid, urinary crystals may form from ammonia and the mineral magnesium, as well as oxalic acid (oxalate), phosphate, carbonate and cystine (a building block of nerves and muscles).

From Crystals to Kidney Stones

• According to the U.S. Library of Medicine, urinary crystals may accumulate and form kidney stones. Most stones go undetected, but in some cases they can trigger symptoms that include severe pain, fever, nausea and vomiting.

Underlying Causes

• Urinary crystals and kidney stones may sometimes result from diseases of the small intestine, as well as from genetic predisposition, chemotherapy, gout, dietary factors and kidney defects.

Considerations

• Urinary crystals and kidney stones are a common occurrence. Individuals who experience an attack of kidney stones often have recurring symptoms some time later.